The collection of the Pottery Museum is entirely dedicated to ceramic production, encompassing a wide range of items including utilitarian ceramics, sculptures, architectural ceramics, decorative tiles, and equipment, as well as various tools, utensils, and artifacts related to this craft. The collection totals nearly 11,000 items.

Geographically, the collection spans over a dozen countries, with the majority of the objects originating from traditional and contemporary Portuguese pottery centres, particularly from Barcelos, renowned for its pottery and figurative ceramics. Additionally, the collection includes pieces from other Portuguese-speaking countries such as Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, and Timor-Leste, reflecting the global reach and cultural exchange within the world of ceramics.